Australia

In Australia, separate Legal Aid Commissions in each state and territory guide legal aid. Priority is often given to criminal cases, but civil cases, such as family law, can also be covered. However, the commissions have limited budgets. Because of this, funding decisions vary and each state will have its own set of rules when it comes to legal aid.

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has a similar but more divided legal aid system. England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland each have their own systems. Some parts of the UK have made policy changes that have reduced the number of types of civil cases that can attract funding. For example, criminal defence is well covered. However, coverage for other issues can be very limited. It is important to check the current eligibility requirements in your area.

Ireland

In the Republic of Ireland, judges provide criminal legal aid according to the individual's financial status. The Legal Aid Board deals with civil legal aid, and issues include family law and immigration. In civil cases, both the means and merits test, assessing their financial situation, must be met before an applicant can be provided with financial assistance or representation.

The United States of America

Legal aid is primarily available in the USA for civil cases, including housing, family law, and immigration matters. Criminal law, however, is generally not covered by legal aid. Funding for legal aid comes from federal, state, and local government sources, as well as private donations and grants. Across the US, access to legal aid and what it includes can differ significantly by state due to differing eligibility requirements, available funding, and types of cases supported.

Canada

In Canada, legal aid services are funded and offered by each province and territory, meaning that there are different policies when it comes to eligibility. Legal aid is generally available for criminal cases to provide a defence for those who cannot pay for a lawyer. Civil legal aid, which includes family law, immigration, and social assistance, is also available but depends on the individual's income and the nature of the case. The limitations of legal aid vary across jurisdictions; however, more serious criminal cases are typically given priority. In Canada, legal aid is also impacted by government funding, which is not always consistent across the different provinces; therefore, different types of cases and levels of legal aid are available.